{"id":4391,"date":"2025-10-28T10:29:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T06:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2025-11-11T12:27:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T08:57:52","slug":"history-of-french-patisserie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/culture\/4391-history-of-french-patisserie\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 <em>P\u00e2tisserie<\/em> (\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0631 (\u00c9clair) \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644 <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc<\/strong>\u060c \u0633\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><p><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f!<\/strong><\/p><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc-\u0648-\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a-patisserie-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f\">\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647-\u0647\u0627-\u0648-\u0633\u0631\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u061b-\u0627\u0632-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646-\u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc-\u062a\u0627-\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628-\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\">\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a-\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc-\u0648-\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b-\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc-\u0628\u0647-\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647-\u0647\u0646\u0631-\u0648-\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\">\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b-\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637-\u0639\u0637\u0641-\u062f\u0631-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e-\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc-\u067e\u0632\u06cc-\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0633\u0641\u0631-\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc-\u0648-\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b-\u0627\u0632-\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633-\u062a\u0627-\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\">\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647-\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-4393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f1.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc-\u0648-\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a-patisserie-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f\">\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u061b (P\u00e2tisserie \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 <em>Boulangerie<\/em> (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) \u0648 <em>P\u00e2tisserie<\/em> (\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 <em>P\u00e2tissier<\/em> (\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc (P\u00e2tisserie) \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0627 (Puff Pastry)\u060c \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648 (Choux Pastry)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af (Meringue) \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0646) \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-4394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f2.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647-\u0647\u0627-\u0648-\u0633\u0631\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u061b-\u0627\u0632-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646-\u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc-\u062a\u0627-\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628-\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\">\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0686\u06cc (Catherine de&#8217; Medici) \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648 (\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0698\u06cc\u067e\u0627\u0646 (\u06a9\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0634\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\" class=\"wp-image-4395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f3.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a-\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc-\u0648-\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b-\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc-\u0628\u0647-\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647-\u0647\u0646\u0631-\u0648-\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\">\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <em>savoir-vivre<\/em> (\u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646)\u060c \u062c\u0634\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646-\u0637\u0639\u0645\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0645:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Marie-Antoine Car\u00eame) \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 pi\u00e8ces mont\u00e9es (\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc) \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u063a\u0630\u0627. \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f-\u062c\u0634\u0646-\u0648-\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0634\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 B\u00fbche de No\u00ebl (\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0639\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 Croquembouche (\u0628\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631-\u0645\u0644\u06cc-\u0648-\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\">\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 P\u00e2tissier \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u060c Meilleur Ouvrier de France (MOF) \u06cc\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647&#8221; \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0631\u0686\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 (\u0622\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0645\u0632) \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u067e\u062e\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-4396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f4.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b-\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637-\u0639\u0637\u0641-\u062f\u0631-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e-\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc-\u067e\u0632\u06cc-\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0637\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \/ \u0642\u0631\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0644)<\/td><td>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0647 (Tarte aux fruits)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f6 (\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0686\u06cc)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648 (Choux Pastry)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f7<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0627 (Puff Pastry)<\/td><td>\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0641\u0648\u06cc (Mille-feuille)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f18<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 <em>Viennoiserie<\/em> (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646)<\/td><td>\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Croissant) \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634 (Brioche)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f9 (\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Marie-Antoine Car\u00eame)<\/td><td>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc (Pi\u00e8ces Mont\u00e9es)\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u062a (Charlotte)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f2\u06f0<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc (Macaron)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"4399\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0637\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\" class=\"wp-image-4399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f5-1.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-id=\"4400\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \" class=\"wp-image-4400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f7.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0633\u0641\u0631-\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc-\u0648-\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b-\u0627\u0632-\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633-\u062a\u0627-\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\">\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0648<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0645 \u067e\u062a\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0634 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Viennoiserie<\/em> (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627) \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 <em>Viennoiserie<\/em> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc &#8220;\u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a)\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0647 (Pierre Herm\u00e9) \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0637\u0639\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0632\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0686\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0634\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 Ispahan) \u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0647 (C\u00e9dric Grolet) \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f (trompe-l&#8217;\u0153il)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-4398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-750x422.webp 750w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6-1140x641.webp 1140w, https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/history-of-french-patisserie-\u06f6.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647-\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u060c <em>P\u00e2tisserie<\/em> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0634\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u061f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><a href=\"\/mag\/recipes\/4785-guide-to-shortcrust-pastry\/\">\u0637\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc (\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc)<\/a><\/mark> \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1761632132769\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 P\u00e2tisserie (\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0648 Boulangerie (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c <em>Boulangerie<\/em> \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06af\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc) \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <em>P\u00e2tisserie<\/em> \u0628\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1761632156424\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 (Croissant) \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Macaron) \u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0631 (\u00c9clair) \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1761632157360\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 <em>Kipferl<\/em> \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0633\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1761632158403\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0622\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Marie-Antoine Car\u00eame) \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 &#8220;\u0633\u0631\u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc&#8221; \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 &#8220;\u0647\u0646\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 <em>pi\u00e8ces mont\u00e9es<\/em> (\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u0647) \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 <em>Haute Cuisine<\/em> (\u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627) \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1761632160052\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f MOF \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0622\u0634\u067e\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>MOF \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <em>Meilleur Ouvrier de France<\/em> (\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0632\u06cc) \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0646\u06af MOF\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 P\u00e2tisserie (\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u06a9\u0644\u0631 (\u00c9clair) \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0638\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4391"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4801,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions\/4801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gufoburger.com\/mag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}